Daim ntawv thov thaum ntxov ntawm ultrasound hauv biochemistry yuav tsum tau tsoo lub cell phab ntsa nrog ultrasound tso tawm nws cov ntsiab lus.Cov kev tshawb fawb tom qab tau pom tias kev siv ultrasound tsawg tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem biochemical.Piv txwv li, ultrasonic irradiation ntawm cov kua as-ham hauv paus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb algal, yog li ua kom cov protein ntau tsim los ntawm cov hlwb los ntawm peb zaug.

Piv nrog rau lub zog ceev ntawm cavitation npuas vau, lub zog ceev ntawm ultrasonic suab teb tau loj los ntawm trillions ntawm lub sij hawm, uas ua rau ib tug loj loj concentration ntawm lub zog;Sonochemical phenomena thiab sonoluminescence tshwm sim los ntawm kub thiab siab ua los ntawm cavitation npuas yog tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub zog thiab cov khoom pauv nyob rau hauv sonochemistry.Yog li ntawd, ultrasound plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tshuaj extraction, biodiesel ntau lawm, organic synthesis, microbial kev kho mob, degradation ntawm toxic organic pollutants, tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev thiab tawm los, catalytic efficiency ntawm catalyst, biodegradation kho, ultrasonic scale tiv thaiv thiab tshem tawm, lom cell crushing. , dispersion thiab agglomeration, thiab sonochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

1. ultrasonic enhanced tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Ultrasound txhim kho tshuaj tiv thaiv.Lub ntsiab tsav tsheb yog ultrasonic cavitation.Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cavitating npuas core ua rau hauv cheeb tsam kub kub, kev kub siab thiab muaj zog cuam tshuam thiab micro dav hlau, uas muab ib qho tshiab thiab tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas nyuaj los yog tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li ib txwm muaj.

2. Ultrasonic catalytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Raws li kev tshawb fawb tshiab, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ultrasonic catalytic tau nyiam ntau thiab ntau qhov kev txaus siab.Cov teebmeem tseem ceeb ntawm ultrasound ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic yog:

(1) Qhov kub thiab txias siab yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tawg ntawm cov reactants rau hauv cov dawb radicals thiab divalent carbon, tsim ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv;

(2) Kev poob siab yoj thiab lub dav hlau micro muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab ntxuav cov khoom ntawm cov khoom nto (xws li catalyst), uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob lossis cov khoom nruab nrab thiab cov txheej txheem catalyst nto passivation txheej;

(3) Kev poob siab yoj tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov qauv reactant

(4) Dispersed reactant system;

(5) Ultrasonic cavitation erodes cov hlau nto, thiab kev poob siab yoj ua rau lub deformation ntawm cov hlau lattice thiab tsim ntawm sab hauv strain cheeb tsam, uas txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua si ntawm cov hlau;

6) Txhawb nqa cov kuab tshuaj kom nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv suav nrog;

(7) Txhawm rau txhim kho cov dispersion ntawm catalyst, ultrasonic feem ntau siv rau hauv kev npaj cov catalyst.Ultrasonic irradiation tuaj yeem ua rau thaj tsam ntawm cov catalyst, ua rau cov khoom sib cais ntau tusyees thiab txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm catalytic.

3. Ultrasonic polymer chemistry

Daim ntawv thov ntawm ultrasonic zoo polymer chemistry tau nyiam nws cov xim.Kev kho ultrasonic tuaj yeem degrade macromolecules, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siab molecular hnyav polymers.Cellulose, gelatin, roj hmab thiab cov protein tuaj yeem degraded los ntawm kev kho ultrasonic.Tam sim no, nws yog feem ntau ntseeg hais tias lub ultrasonic degradation mechanism yog vim lub zog ntawm kev quab yuam thiab kev kub siab thaum lub cavitation npuas tawg, thiab lwm qhov ntawm qhov degradation yuav yog vim muaj cua sov.Raws li qee qhov xwm txheej, lub zog ultrasound tuaj yeem pib ua polymerization.Muaj zog ultrasound irradiation tuaj yeem pib lub copolymerization ntawm polyvinyl cawv thiab acrylonitrile los npaj block copolymers, thiab cov copolymerization ntawm polyvinyl acetate thiab polyethylene oxide los ua graft copolymer.

4. Tshiab tshuaj tiv thaiv technology txhim kho los ntawm ultrasonic teb

Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev siv tshuab tshiab thiab kev txhim kho ultrasonic teb yog lwm txoj kev txhim kho kev coj ua hauv thaj chaw ntawm ultrasonic chemistry.Piv txwv li, cov kua dej supercritical yog siv los ua qhov nruab nrab, thiab ultrasonic teb yog siv los ntxiv dag zog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic.Piv txwv li, cov kua dej supercritical muaj qhov ntom ntom zoo ib yam li cov kua thiab cov viscosity thiab diffusion coefficient zoo ib yam li cov pa roj, uas ua rau nws cov kua sib npaug sib npaug rau cov kua thiab nws cov peev xwm hloov pauv loj sib npaug rau cov roj.Lub deactivation ntawm heterogeneous catalyst tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev siv cov khoom zoo solubility thiab diffusion ntawm supercritical kua, tab sis nws yog undoubtedly lub icing ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib yog ultrasonic teb yuav siv tau los ntxiv dag zog rau nws.Kev poob siab yoj thiab lub dav hlau micro tsim los ntawm ultrasonic cavitation tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov kua dej supercritical kom yaj qee yam tshuaj uas ua rau catalyst deactivation, ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm desorption thiab tu, thiab ua kom cov catalyst nquag mus ntev, tab sis kuj ua si lub luag haujlwm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm nplawm, uas muaj peev xwm disperse cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab ua rau lub loj hloov tus nqi ntawm supercritical kua tshuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau ib tug ntau dua.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kub thiab txias siab ntawm lub hauv paus taw tes tsim los ntawm ultrasonic cavitation yuav ua rau kom tawg ntawm reactants rau hauv cov dawb radicals thiab zoo heev leeb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi.Tam sim no, muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov kua dej supercritical, tab sis ob peb txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm ultrasonic teb.

5. daim ntawv thov ntawm high-power ultrasonic hauv biodiesel ntau lawm

Tus yuam sij rau kev npaj biodiesel yog catalytic transesterification ntawm fatty acid glyceride nrog methanol thiab lwm yam tsawg-carbon alcohols.Ultrasound tuaj yeem pom tseeb ntxiv dag zog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv transesterification, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv heterogeneous, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov sib xyaw (emulsification) cov nyhuv thiab txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv molecular tsis ncaj, yog li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias (siab siab) tej yam kev mob. tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm chav tsev kub (lossis ze rau chav sov), Thiab ua kom lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv.Ultrasonic yoj tsis yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem transesterification, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv kev sib cais ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov.Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Mississippi State University hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau siv ultrasonic ua hauv kev tsim cov biodiesel.Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm biodiesel tau tshaj 99% hauv 5 feeb, thaum cov pa roj carbon monoxide reactor siv ntau tshaj 1 teev.